英语构词法对语法填空的解题帮助

4解题技巧

解答这类试题，首先要结合不同词类的不同用法来分析判断用哪种词类的词，然后再根据构词法将括号中的词改为所需要的词类。具体来说，须注意以下四点。

1. 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其改为名词, 并注意名词数的变化。

（1）Do you know the ______ （deep） of the river?

（2）His _____ （careful） resulted in the terrible accident

（3）He is one of the ______ （science） who support this theory.

答案：（1） depth （2） carelessness （3） scientists

2. 动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：

（1）Please pay ________ （attend） to your handwriting.

（2） His _______ （arrive） made the situation worse.

（3）The teacher was angry at my _________ （come） late.

答案：（1） attention （2） arrival （3） coming

3. 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时, 还要考虑副词级的变化。如：

（1）The boy ran ______ （quick） to school.

（2）“What’s that?” Father shouted ______ （angry）.

（3）The little girl is ______（extreme）eager to know the result of the exam。

（4）. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” ______ （height）.

答案：（1） quickly （2） angrily （3） extremely （4） higher

4. 在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词 如果所需词为形容词时, 还要考虑形容词级的变化。

（1） What’s the ________ （width） river in the world?

（2） The _______ （strength） we become, the more modest we should be.

答案：（1） widest （2） stronger

5即时训练

单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Mary was very ______ at the news, so she looked ______ at her husband, her eyes full of ______ （sad）.

2. He ________football very well and he was one of the best ______ in yesterday’s football match. （play）

3. Look! How ________ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the ______ girl in the world （happy）.

4. To our ______, the headmaster was very ______ with our report. （satisfy）

5. Edison was a great ________. During his life he had many ______. （invent）

6. I should ________ my task and make it ________ to finish it. （simple）

7. The boy having the ________ of being half starved ________, never to be seen again. （appear）

8. The police _____ the pot and ______ a plot against the President. （cover）

9. You are so _______ to help me. Thank you for your ________. （kindly）

10. Everything is becoming ____________ than before and many college students had to work to make some mone y for their college _____________. （expend）

语篇填空：用所给词的适当形式填空

A

Rafting is an___1__ （excite） adventure. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience___2___（natural） . If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks. If you are looking for more___3___（excite）, you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is___4___（adventure） and___5___（difficulty） than normal rafting. It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves___6___ （quick）. You have to be___7___ （care） not to hit rocks, trees and other___8___ （dangerous）. The name “Whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.

B

Steve Jones is an___1___（environment） expert who tries to keep animals and plants from___2___（become） endangered. If we know more about what causes___3___ （danger）, we may be able to take measures before it is too late. A species can become ___4___ （endanger） for___5___ （differ） reasons. Animals and plants must have a habitat or home, which is___6___ （comfort） and clean, and where there is enough food and other resources. Otherwise they can not live___7___ （comfortable）. They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live___8___ （succeed） in their habitat.

【参考答案】

一、单句填空

1. sad, sadly, sadness 2. played, players 3. happily, happiest

4. satisfaction, satisfied 5. inventor; inventions 6. simplify, simpler/simple

7. appearance, disappeared 8. discovered, uncovered

9. kind, kindness 10. more expensive, expenses

二、语篇填空

A. 1. exciting 2. nature 3. excitement 4. adventurous 5. difficult

6. quickly 7. careful 8. dangers

B. 1. environmental 2. becoming 3. endangerment 4. endangered

5. different 6. comfortable 7. comfortably 8. successfully