衡水中学2019-2020高三上期中考

D

DNA analysis has revealed family relationships between more than 10 generations of Stone Age people at megalithic（巨石的）tombs in Ireland and Sweden.

The evidence suggests that megaliths, prehistoric large stone structures, sometimes acted as graves for family groups in northwestern Europe thousands of years ago. The latest findings throw new light on the origins and social structure of the groups that built megaliths in this region-a history that has long been hidden in mystery.

For their study, the international team of researchers analyzed the genomes—the complete set of genetic material in a cell of 24 Stone Age individuals from five megalithic burial sites in Ireland, Scotland and Gotland, a large Swedish island in the Baltic Sea.

This analysis showed that many of the individuals buried at each megalith, who all lived between 3,800 B.C. and 2,600 B.C., according to radiocarbon-dating of their remains, were closely related via family ties.

The results also showed that the individuals buried at the megaliths were related to Neolithic farmers in northern and western Europe but genetically distinct from other hunter-gatherers. This was particularly noticeable at the Ansarve site on the island of Gotland.

“The people buried in the Ansarve tomb are remarkably different on a genetic level compared to the individuals dug out from hunter-gather contexts, showing that the burial tradition in this megalithic tomb, which lasted for over 700 years, was performed by distinct groups with roots in the European Neolithic expansion,” Magdalena Fraser, co-first author from Uppsala University, said in the statement.

32.What’s the significance of the new findings?

A. It reveals the family ties between people in Ireland and Sweden.

B. It implies that many people buried in the tombs were closely related.

C. It indicates the long-hidden mystery concerning DNA analysis.

D. It suggests that the megaliths became tombs thousands of years ago.

33.How did the researchers reach their findings?

A. By interviewing individuals.B. By travelling to different regions.

C. By analyzing genes.D. By studying the burial sites.

34.Which is true according to the latest findings?

A. Some people buried in the tombs were related to farmers.

B. Few people buried in the tombs were genetically different.

C. All the people buried at megaliths had family relationships.

D. People buried in the Ansarve tomb were dug out 700years later.

35.What's the main idea of this passage?

A. Megaliths served as tombs thousands of years ago.

B. People buried at the megaliths were recently analyzed.

C. Latest findings shed light on a mystery about burials.

D. Stone-Age people in Ireland and Sweden had close ties. 

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle-deep in plastic waste—a total of about 19 billion pounds of garbage.    36   

“We're being overwhelme（淹没）by our waste, said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer who led the 2015 study that determined this astonishing number.

    37   , unless something is done to stop the tide of garbage.

Plastic—a widely-used material―has in many ways been a benefit to humans but it has also caused a growing problem. Today, plastics are the No.l type of garbage found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit that organizes an annual coastal cleanup event worldwide, said plastic waste makes up around 85 percent of the garbage collected from beaches and oceans.

Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to threaten at least 600 different wildlife species.   38   ; a growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. A research suggests some plastics could be poisonous to humans, and could potentially increase the risk of health problems.

   39   . At the Economist World Ocean Summit this week, ten nations announced to reduce plastic sea litter as part of UN Environment’s CleanSeas campaign.   40   , Corporations also have a role, as do individuals. We can start by thinking twice before using single-use plastic products—and when we do use them, we should take care to properly throw them off or recycle.

A.The following is what we should do

B.And it’s not just wildlife that’s threatened

C.And this figure is likely to double by 2025

D.But it's not just countries that need to do their part

E.By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 1000 species

F.That’s how much plastic waste ends up in our oceans every year

G.All of us have an important role to play in dealing with the problems

第三部分 语言知识运用（共三节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort  41  was not something I was raised to do.

In fact, I wouldn't have become a（n）  42  if it weren't for my husband Charles. He had been a  43  competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn't stop talking about how much he   44  it.

So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the  45  . Just a few weeks later, Charles signed us both up for a five-kilometer race. I  46  about doing it. It was too soon.

But on race day, there I was.

The gun went off .Thousands of runners  47  .

The first kilometer was tough. I was already breathing  48  and painfully aware of the group of runners  49  past me.

After another minute I saw the three-kilometer  50  . All I could think of was that I was  51  .

I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street   52  with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on. I  53   my legs to keep going.

Then I looked up and saw the clock. The   54   ticking away gave me an incentive（助力）. I knew that if I had  55  finished this race I would have achieved something. So, I   56   up, and kicked it.

I had my arms   57   higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a（n）  58  around my neck.

"You did great! I’m so proud of you!” Charles was thrilled that I’d  59  .

“That was amazing! I want to do another race.” I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the post-race festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both  60  .

41.A. blockB. lineC. emotionD. zone

42.A. wifeB. coachC. expertD. runner

43.A. seriousB. commonC. casualD. sharp

44.A. hatedB. missedC. admiredD. trained

45.A. raceB. departmentC. trackD. ceremony

46.A. hesitatedB. puzzledC. caredD. brought

47.A. slipped away B. backed offC. pushed forwardD. come over

48.A. mildlyB. shallowlyC. gentlyD. heavily

49.A. runningB. bendingC. reachingD. pacing

50.A. symbolB. markC. patternD. campaign

51.A. hopefulB. speechlessC. dyingD. moving

52.A. stuckB. crowdedC. providedD. directed

53.A. sunkB. bentC. shookD. willed

54.A. secondsB. titlesC. criteriaD. competitors

55.A. alsoB. actuallyC. justD. unfortunately

56.A. dressedB. cameC. stayedD. straightened

57.A. keptB. crossedC. heldD. tied

58.A. ropeB. medalC. necklaceD. award

59.A. got itB. meant itC. made itD. defeated it

60.A. trembledB. expandedC. achedD. erupted