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惠州2014届高三第二次调研英语试题

来源：高中英语教学交流网
发布时间：2013-11-02 17:43:00
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　　C（新闻报道 应用文）

　　The UK spy agency GCHQ is facing a legal challenge in the European courts over claims that its mass online surveillance(监察) programmes have invaded the privacy of tens of millions of people across the UK and Europe. Three campaign groups – Big Brother Watch, the Open Rights Group and English PEN – together with the German internet activist Constanze Kurz, have filed papers at the European court of human rights claiming that the collection of vast amounts of data by GCHQ is illegal.

　　The move follows revelations by Edward Snowden that GCHQ has the ability to collect more than 21 petabytes of data a day – equal to sending all the information in all the books in the British Library 192 times every 24 hours.

　　Daniel Carey, lawyer at Deighton Pierce Glynn, which is taking the case, said: "We are asking the court to declare that unlimited surveillance of much of Europe's internet communications by the UK government, and the outdated regulatory system that has permitted this, invade our privacy." Files leaked by Snowden show GCHQ and its American partner, the National Security Agency, for which he worked, have developed abilities to undertake industrial-scale surveillance of the web and mobile phone networks. This is done by searching for the servers of internet companies and collecting raw data from the undersea cables that carry web traffic. Two of the programmes, Prism and Tempora, can sweep up vast amounts of private data, which is shared between the two countries.

　　The revelations have led to widespread concern in Europe and the US about the power of the UK and US security services to gather online communications. Last week Lord King, a former Conservative defence secretary, called for a review of the laws used to justify surveillance and interception(窃听) techniques.

　　Nick Pickles, director of Big Brother Watch, said the regulatory system was no longer fit for purpose."The laws governing how internet data is accessed were written when barely anyone had broadband access and were intended to cover old-fashioned copper telephone lines," he said."Parliament did not intend those laws to permit collecting details of every communication we send, so it's absolutely right that GCHQ is held responsible in the courts for its actions."（371w）

　　36. What is GCHQ accused of according to the passage?

　　A Sending all the information in all the books in the British Library.

　　B Collecting vast amounts of information of the US government.

　　C Invading the privacy of a great number of Britons and Europeans .

　　D Claiming its mass online surveillance programmes.

　　（根据第一段第一句The UK spy agency GCHQ is facing a legal challenge in the European courts over claims that its mass online surveillance(监察) programmes have invaded the privacy of tens of millions of people across the UK and Europe.）

　　37. Who revealed the secret of GCHQ?

　　A Constanze Kurz   B Edward Snowden  C Daniel Carey  D Lord King

　　（根据第二段的The move follows revelations by Edward Snowden或者第三段的Files leaked by Snowden show GCHQ）

　　38.What doe the word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to ?

　　A Collection of raw data from the undersea cables.

　　B Search for the servers of internet companies.

　　C Ability of GCHQ to undertake surveillance of the web and mobile phone network.

　　D Leaks of national security by its American partner.

　　（根据第三段abilities to undertake industrial-scale surveillance of the web and mobile phone networks.）

　　39. Which is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A Lord King considered it necessary to review the laws on justifying surveillance and interception techniques.

　　B The revelations haven’t caused any concern in related countries.

　　C Private data from Prism and Tempora is shared by Germany and The UK.

　　D Nick Pickles believes that the laws on how internet data is accessed needn’t updating.

　　（根据第四段Last week Lord King, a former Conservative defence secretary, called for a review of the laws used to justify surveillance and interception(窃听) techniques.）

　　40. In which session are you likely to read the passage in a newspaper?

　　A Science  B Education  C Entertainment  D News

　　（根据整篇文章谈论的话题可知。）

　　

　　（解析：每题后给出了解释，并在原文中把信息来源的文字改成了蓝色。短文字数为346个）

　　D

　　One side effect of globalization（全球化） and the related phenomenon of greatly increased mobility is that the traditional definition（定义） of “foreigner” has passed its sell-by date.

　　Is a European who has lived in China longer than in his home country, becoming fluent in the language and culture in the process, still a foreigner in China, or has he become more of a foreigner in his own home town? What about a Beijinger who did her schooling in Canada and then lived and worked in mainstream society there for another 20 years while raising a family, who has no intention of returning to China? Does she think and act like a foreigner? What do we mean by this label（标签）?

　　When I grew up in the suburbs of Chicago, the faces you would see during a walk through a local shopping mall back in the 1960s and 1970s included almost none of Asian descent. Today the same malls are full of Asian faces, and a glance at the ranks of top scoring students in local schools reveals lots of Asian surnames.

　　To some extent, this is no great surprise in the American context, because America is a land of immigrants, and a cultural melting pot. Apart from the native American Indians, Americans are (or were), in some way, all foreigners anyway. Absorbing a large number of immigrants is an established pattern in American history.

　　In most places, the traditional foreigners were people who didn’t speak or read the local languages well, were unfamiliar with local customs and lifestyles, often engaged in relatively third-class work, and certainly not the type of people you would want your sons or daughters to marry. But, nowadays, a foreigner down the street may have better SAT scores than you did, or higher degree from a better university. He might also be your son’s or daughter’s next employer.

　　The traditional role models are getting mixed up, and it looks like this is just the beginning of a new chapter. Today, the whole thing has totally changed. It’s not about where people are from or what color their skins are. It’s about who they are, what values and skills they bring, and how they think.

　　

　　41.By mentioning a European and a Beijinger , the author tends to tell us______.

　　A. it’s no long proper to define foreigners according to their birthplaces

　　B. the label of foreigners can never be removed

　　C. most foreigners can do well in learning languages

　　D. it’s impossible for a foreigner get recognition abroad

　　

　　42.What can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph?

　　A. In 1960s and 1970s, Asians didn’t shop in Chicago.

　　B. Today, more and more Asian travelers like to shop in Chicago.

　　C. There are more Asian immigrants today than in 1960s and 1970s in Chicago.

　　D. Most Asian students do well academically in the schools in Chicago.

　　

　　43.Which is Not the feature of the traditional foreigners according to the author?

　　A. They didn’t have good command of the local languages.

　　B. It’s hard for them to marry local people.

　　C. They rarely got familiar with the local customs and lifestyles.

　　D. Most of them didn’t live at the bottom of the local society.

　　

　　44. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to________.

　　A. the term “foreigner” should be redefined

　　B. the term “foreigner” should no longer be used

　　C. there are no longer foreigners in the world today

　　D. the term “foreigner” is not proper to define people

　　

　　45.What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Globalization and mobility caused more and more immigrants.

　　B. The standards of defining “foreigner” has thoroughly changed.

　　C. America is a cultural melting pot.

　　D. Immigration is a global social phenomenon.

　　

　　Keys: ACDAB

　　

　　答案解析：

　　本文为议论文，作者主要阐述了其对于“外国人”定义的理解，并提出“外国人”的定义标准应随时代发展而改变。

　　41.  A. 由文章第二段可知，传统意义上对“外国人”的定义会因为人们在外国的长生活时间、对于社会及文化的高融入度而变得不再准确，所以作者想说的就是：仅以出生地来定义“外国人”是不合适的。

　　42.  C. 在文章第3段中，作者提到了在60、70年代，芝加哥的超市里几乎难以见到亚洲人；但在今天，亚洲人的身影在同样的地方几乎随处可见，由此可得知现在芝加哥的亚洲移民比60、70年代要多。

　　43.  D. 由文章的第5段often engaged in relatively third-class work, and certainly not the type of people you would want your sons or daughters to marry可知，传统的外国人多从事三流工作，且并非本国人的理想结婚对象，所以可认定他们其实就是生活在社会的底层。

　　44.  A.  本句中has passed its sell-by date意为“过时了”，或结合作者在文章最后一段中表述的观点，可知本句的意思可理解为：“外国人”这一说法需要被重新定义。

　　45.  B. 由文章的第一段及最后一段中作者较清晰且有明确倾向性的观点看，作者是主张：由于时代的发展，对于“外国人”的定义需要变更。

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