用对比归纳法巧学动词时态和语态

广东省韶关市南雄中学  谭家龙

      我们知道，高考考纲中要求掌握的10种时态，大部分在初中阶段就学完了。可是，当翻开教材时，我们发现所有的时态都是以某个动词为例，从肯定式到否定式，然后再到疑问式和简略答语逐一介绍的，学生学起来特别容易混淆。怎样才能让学生掌握好复杂易混的动词时态和语态呢?我们可采取以下对比归纳法进行复习。

首先，用对比法把这10种时态呈现出来：不妨巧记为：3个一般+3个现在+3个过去+1个将来。

1. 一般现在时

He waters the flowers every day .

→He doesn’t water the flowers every day .

→Does he water the flowers every day ?

Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t 

→The flowers are watered by him every day.

2. 一般过去时

He watered the flowers yesterday .

→He didn’t water the flowers yesterday .

→Did he water the flowers yesterday ?

Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 

→The flowers were watered by him yesterday.

3. 一般将来时

He will water/ is going to water the flowers tomorrow .

→He won’t water/ isn’t going to water the flowers tomorrow .

→Will he water/ Is he going to water the flowers tomorrow ?

Yes, he will./ No, he won’t.

Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.

→The flowers will be watered by him tomorrow.

4. 现在进行时

He is watering the flowers now .

→He isn’t watering the flowers now .

→Is he watering the flowers now .

Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.

The flowers are being watered by him now.

5. 现在完成时

He has watered the flowers .

→He hasn’t watered the flowers .

→Has he watered the flowers?

Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t.

The flowers have been watered by him.

6. 现在完成进行时

He has been watering the flowers this morning .

7. 过去进行时

He was watering the flowers at this time yesterday .

→He wasn’t watering the flowers at this time yesterday .

→Was he watering the flowers at this time yesterday .

Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.

The flowers were being watered by him at this time yesterday.

8. 过去完成时（过去的过去）

He said he had watered the flowers.

→He said he hadn’t watered the flowers.

→Had he watered the flowers?

Yes, he had./ No, he hadn’t.

The flowers had been watered by him.

9. 过去将来时（过去为起点的将来）

He said he would water the flowers.

→He said he wouldn’t water the flowers.

→Would he water the flowers?

Yes, he would./ No, he wouldn’t.

10. 将来进行时

He will be watering the flowers .