英语写作中的常见问题与错误


来源:高中英语教学交流
发布时间:2009-10-23 21:24:00
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内容提要:高中英语教学交流网 http://zshunj.cn

  八. 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)。Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。学生所接触的词汇主要来自精读和泛读,他们所掌握的词汇有口语、一般用语、正式用语,也有俚语、方言;有美国英语,也有英国英语。他们对同义词或近义词的细微区别不太了解,英语词与近义汉字区别不清。

  例如:

  误: He finally resolved the problem.

  正:He finally solved the problem.

  析:resolve 的汉语意思是“使分解”、“解决”,resolve虽有解决之意,只是解决的不是问题,而是contradiction 或doubt, 解决问题应用 "solve"。

  例如:The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

  (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

  析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。

  改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

  而英语则有词性的变化,学生辨别词汇种类的能力不够,同一汉语意思的动词、名词和形容词分不清,造成词汇错误。例:

  误:The students complaint that there are too much homework.

  正:The students complain that there is too much homework.

  误:If you work hard, you will be sure to success.

  正:If you work hard, you will be sure to succeed.

  (误)However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.

  (正)However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.

  【说明】speed只能和high,low,good,top,normal,fantastic,moderate,surprising等搭配,不能与fast,quick,slow搭配。但可以这样说 A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.


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